Seborrheic Dermatitis (commonly known as “Oily Eczema”) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by redness, flaking, itching, and greasy, yellowish scales. It typically affects areas rich in oil glands, such as the scalp, face (nasal folds, eyebrows), ears, and chest. The condition fluctuates in severity, with periods of flare-ups and remission.
Infants: Presents as “cradle cap”—thick, yellow scales on the scalp, usually resolving within the first 3 months of life.
Adults: Most common between ages 30–60, with men affected more frequently than women (linked to androgen-driven sebum production).
Dandruff: A mild form of seborrheic dermatitis, manifesting as white, dry flakes on the scalp.
Malassezia Yeast Overgrowth: This naturally occurring yeast thrives in oily environments, triggering inflammation.
Excess Sebum Production: Oily skin creates an ideal habitat for yeast proliferation.
Genetic predisposition, stress, cold/dry weather, and immune dysfunction.
Medicated Shampoos:
Antifungals: Ketoconazole (2%), selenium sulfide (2.5%), zinc pyrithione.
Exfoliants: Salicylic acid to remove scales.
Coal Tar: Reduces scaling and inflammation.
Topical Therapies:
Corticosteroid Creams/Lotions: Short-term use to reduce inflammation (e.g., hydrocortisone).
Calcineurin Inhibitors (e.g., tacrolimus, pimecrolimus): For sensitive areas like the face.
Antifungal Creams: Clotrimazole or ciclopirox to target yeast.
Systemic Treatments:
Oral Antifungals (e.g., itraconazole) for severe, widespread cases.
Low-Dose Isotretinoin: Reduces sebum production in refractory cases.
Complementary Care:
Tea Tree Oil: Diluted formulations may help due to antifungal properties (use with caution to avoid irritation).
Accurate diagnosis to rule out psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, or fungal infections.
Personalized regimens to balance efficacy and minimize side effects (e.g., steroid overuse).
Management of chronic cases to prevent recurrence and improve quality of life.