Atopic Dermatitis:
Atopic dermatitis is a common type of eczema and an allergic skin condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin.
Its most notable feature is skin rash accompanied by intense dryness and itching.
This intense itching often leads to sleep disturbances. In children, it can cause difficulties in school life, and in adults, it can significantly impact both work and social life.
In addition to itching, redness, and dryness, it can sometimes cause cracks in the skin. It often begins in childhood but can occur at any age.
Although the exact cause of atopic dermatitis is unknown, genetic, immune system, and environmental factors are believed to play a role. Allergens, stress, dry air, or skin irritants can act as triggers that exacerbate the condition.
Atopic dermatitis treatment involves a series of approaches aimed at alleviating symptoms, maintaining skin health, and preventing flare-ups.
Treatment Methods:
Moisturizing the Skin: Regularly moisturizing the skin is a fundamental step in managing atopic dermatitis. Moisturizers help reduce dryness and irritation. Fragrance-free and hypoallergenic products are generally preferred.
Topical Corticosteroids: These creams help reduce inflammation and itching on the skin and can be effective in mild to moderate eczema flare-ups. A doctor will determine the appropriate strength of the corticosteroid.
Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Medications such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus can be used when one wishes to avoid the side effects of corticosteroids. These drugs suppress skin inflammation, reducing itching and redness.
Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines may be used to help control itching, especially beneficial in preventing nighttime itching.
Immunosuppressive Therapies: In severe cases, medications that suppress the immune system (e.g., cyclosporine or methotrexate) may be considered. Such treatments should be administered under medical supervision.
Phototherapy: UV light therapy can be used in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis cases. It helps reduce skin inflammation and alleviate symptoms.
Avoiding Trigger Factors: Avoiding potential triggers such as soap, detergents, hot water, stress, and certain foods can help relieve symptoms.
Diet and Supplements: Because food allergies can exacerbate atopic dermatitis, removing allergenic foods from the diet may be necessary. Supplements like omega-3 fatty acids are also thought to offer potential benefits.
The treatment process should be personalized according to each patient’s condition and the severity of their symptoms. Therefore, it is important to develop a treatment plan under the guidance of a dermatologist.